Comparative Analysis of In Vitro Fermentation Parameters in Total Mixed Rations of Dairy Cows with Varied Levels of Defatted Black Soldier Fly Larvae (Hermetia illucens) as a Substitute for Soybean Meal

In this study, we compared the digestibility levels and in vitro fermentation parameters of total mixed rations (TMRs) containing 20% 40% defatted black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae (BSF) as a substitute for soybean meal (SBM) basal ration (60% roughage/40% concentrated feed) dairy cows. We evaluated volatile fatty acid (VFA), gas production, methane emission, ammonia, pH, carbon dioxide, dry matter (IVDMD), neutral detergent fiber (IVNDFD) TMR0 (basal), TMR20 (20% BSF included), TMR40 (40% included) diets at end 24 48 h incubation. Significantly lower ammonia formation were found groups (p < 0.001). An increase VFA was observed group The highest IVDMD determined h. IVNDFD value substitution SBM with positively affected had cumulative production incubation 0.05). conclusion, use positive impact on rumen fermentation. Therefore, recommend formulating cow rations.